Animal Agriculture

Below are some common poultry diseases: 1. Fowl Cholera Fowl Cholera is a chronic disease caused by Pasteurella Multocida that can affect the joints, wattles, infraohits, sinuses and other tissues. Common symptoms include loss of appetite, diarrhea with a greenish tinge, ruffled feathers, swollen purple wattle, swollen comb, swollen joints, lameness, oral, nasal and ocular discharge and sudden death. Most commonly found in older chickens, Fowl Cholera affects more cocks than it does henshens 2. Coccidiosis Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease  caused by Coccidian protozoa that lives in and damages a specific region of the gut in chickens. The trouble starts when chickens consume a sporulated oocyst which is broken down by chemicals in the gut, releasing an infective sporocyst. it causes loss of appetite, bloody diarrhea, ruffled feathers, weight loss and inability to absorb nutrients.   3. Avian Influenza Avian influenza is a disease caused by type A Orthomyxoviruses .

Twisted neck Greenish diarrhea         Most times symptoms seen or shown by seek birds maybe a combination of two or more diseases. Mortality can range from 15% to 75% depending on the virus strain. Newcastle disease is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms, which include hoarse chirps (in chicks), watery discharge from the nostrils, labored breathing (gasping), facial swelling, greenish diarrhoea,paralysis, trembling, and twisting of the neck. Please share and leave a comment .

Pigs are highly prolific in nature and two farrowings in a year should be planned by adopting optimal management conditions. For every 10 sows one boar must be maintained for maximum fertility. Breed the animals when it is in peak heat period (i.e. 12 to 24 hours of heat). Management during Pregnancy Give special attention to pregnant sows one week before farrowing by providing adequate space, feed, water etc. The sows as well as farrowing pens should be disinfected 3-4 days before the expected date of farrowing and the sows should be placed in the farrowing pen after bedding it properly. Care of Piglets Take care of new born piglets by providing guard rails. Treat / disinfect the navel cord with tincture of iodine as soon as it is cut with a sharp knife. Feed on mothers’ milk for first 6-8 weeks along with creep feed. Protect the piglets against extreme weather conditions, particularly during the first two months. Needle teeth should be clipped shortl

Heat stress is a situation an intending  poultry entrepreneur must prepare for at the initial stage of planning. This is because it can lead to excessive mortalities that will close the venture before you end it. It also make a mess of production  parameters as most chicken cannot express their phenotypic potentials maximally So the means to address it is good  housing design,  high building, low walls, east west direction lay out, decision to close the house and use tunnel ventilation system. Visiting your feed formulation. Ensuring that the protein /energy ration is may maintained. If your chicken already has excessive fat then you will need to  add choline chloride to the feed and adjust the formulation to remove excess energy in it. See your Animal scientist( Animal science, Vets, Animal health and husbandry graduates for help) In the interim you must serve them cool water in heat periods . so pump fresh water in their tanks at these times. Flush out hot water in

Cultivation of plantain on 1hectare(10000m²) (15plots) of Land Planting distance: 3m No. of plants: 3333 stands Estimated cost Clearing: #60000 (15plots*4000) Cost of suckers: #80*3333=#266640 Cost of transportation: #30*3333=#99990 Cost of planting: 30*3333=#99990 1permanent staff =10000*12= #120,000 Other laborers: 5000*6=30000 Cost of organic manure: 200bags*500#= 100000 Harvesting/marketing Given 5% allowance, *3166.5 or 31667* bunches of plantain will be harvested Assuming a bunch is sold an average of #800*3166.5= #2533200 Expenses(cost of inputs) #776620 profit #2533200-77620 =#1756580 In the next planting season, harvest will be doubled, cost of transportation, cost of suckers, cost of planting, cost manure will be off

Image of a cannibalized turkey Cannibalism  usually occurs when the birds are ... Read more

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